8. 第 8 章

Five-Axis CNC Machining Internship Log

This practical training on five-axis CNC machine tools allowed me to systematically learn and gain an in-depth understanding of the principles of five-axis linkage machining technology, equipment structures, operational specifications, and machining processes for precision parts. Compared with traditional three-axis machining, five-axis machining boasts irreplaceable advantages in processing complex curved surfaces, special-shaped structures, precision molds and impeller components. It stands as one of the core technologies of modern high-end intelligent manufacturing. Through this training, I not only consolidated my basic knowledge of CNC machining but also acquired a brand-new perspective on the operation logic and process thinking of high-end CNC machine tools.

At the initial stage of the internship, I first studied the safety operation procedures and basic equipment structures of five-axis machine tools in a systematic manner. A five-axis CNC machine tool consists of three linear axes (X, Y, Z) and two rotary axes (A, C), enabling five-axis linkage and five-axis positioning machining. It can complete cutting operations on workpieces from multiple directions and angles in a single clamping setup, effectively eliminating positioning errors caused by repeated clamping and greatly improving the machining accuracy and production efficiency of parts. Under the guidance of the instructor, I got familiar with pre-operation procedures including machine startup self-inspection, reference point return, air and hydraulic pressure inspection, lubrication system check and travel limit verification. I deeply realized that operating precision machine tools demands extreme standardization and rigor, and kept firmly in mind all safety prohibitions during high-speed machining.

Afterwards, I focused on learning the coordinate system principles of five-axis machining, workpiece clamping and precise tool setting operations. Five-axis machining imposes extremely high requirements on clamping rigidity and positioning accuracy. Leveling and aligning workpieces, coordinate system offset and rotary axis angle calibration are all critical steps in machining. During the training, I mastered tool setting via edge finding, end face tool setting, as well as the configuration of tool length compensation and radius compensation. I comprehended the working principle that the dynamic coordinate system of five-axis machine tools follows rotary motions, and figured out the essential differences in programming logic between three-axis and five-axis machining. Three-axis machining only supports fixed cutting angles, while five-axis machining can tilt the tool posture through swing axes to avoid interference and process deep cavities, undercut structures and complex curved surfaces that cannot be manufactured by ordinary machine tools.

In the phase of practical operation observation and auxiliary machining, I learned the process planning logic for five-axis machining. For typical complex parts, the process requires reasonable selection of cutting tools, setting of spindle speed, feed rate, cutting-in modes and interference avoidance paths. I learned that the biggest difficulty of five-axis machining lies in tool path optimization and machine interference avoidance. During programming, it is